10 govt website

At least 10 govt websites hit by glitches in hardware, data storage

At least ten government websites, including those of the Union Defence, Law, and Home ministries, were hit by glitches in the hardware and data storage facility of the National Informatics Centre, a top cyber-security official said.

The Ministry of Defence website, which displayed an error message bearing a Chinese character meaning "Zen," was not hacked, National Cyber Security Coordinator Gulshan Rai said.

Investigations of the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT.IN) showed that glitches in the NIC's "storage facility" had caused the websites to shut down, Rai told India Today.

There has been no cyber attack, he reiterated.

Earlier, Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had promised prompt restoration of her ministry's site.

"Action is initiated after the hacking of MoD website," she wrote in a tweet. "Needless to say, every possible step required to prevent any such eventuality in the future will be taken."

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Top 5 Best Water Purifier In India For Home Use In 2018

Water Purifier In India For Home

Are you looking forward to leading a healthy life? It is very right that the health begins at home and the first step is with Water. In India, over 75% of the people do not consume healthy water and they also fall ill. But, if you wish to get away from this, you simply need to have healthy water. Purchasing a water purifier can be very helpful to remove the germs from the water. Indeed, it is not safe to have regular water in your home. This is the reason why people are searching for the best water purifier in India. The best also means that it will protect you from millions of water-borne diseases at the same time. So, here is our list of the Top 5 best water purifier in India for home use!

Best Water Purifier Buying Guide India

These 5 points below will tell you about what kind of water supply is needed for water purifier. What TDS levels are good for your health. Go through these 5 points to get the clear idea of what are basic reasons to purchase the water purifier and how should you enquire yourself!

 1. What kind of water supply is coming at your home? 

This is the first deciding factor for best water purifier and source of water should be observed carefully because this will decide whether your water needs removal of dissolved salts that are not required by the body or your water contains germs and viruses which will affect your health. There are some heavy metals like lead, mercury, arsenic etc. which needs to be removed from water because the human body cannot get rid of these heavy metals and they keep on accumulating in the body causing health problems.

Water from many sources contains germs, bacteria, viruses which cause water-borne diseases like cholera, typhoid and dysentery etc. We should cleverly choose our water purifier although it might cost some burden but in the end, it will keep you away from doctors and costly medicines having side effectson the body. Below is a table to show what are different kinds of water supply present in India with some suggestion for water purifiers.

Water Supply	Germs Level	TDS Level	Purifier Type
Underground water, Borewell or water supplied from Tankers	High in Bacteria and viruses	High TDS (Hard Water)	RO + UV
Underground water, tube well or Salty water	Low bacteria and viruses in water	High TDS (Hard Water)	RO
Surface water from rivers, lakes or rain harvesting supplied by the municipality	Low bacteria, viruses,  germs in water	Soft water	UV

 2. What is TDS level or Hardness of water 

We heard a lot about TDS (Total Dissolved Salts) which helps to calculate hardness or softness of the water. Water contains lots of dissolved impurities and salts which are harmful to body these should be removed from the water before drinking. There are many heavy metals like arsenic, mercury and leadpresent in water which should be removed because our body can never get rid of these metals and they keep on accumulating causing health problems in the longer run and short life span. RO purifiers can easily convert hard water into soft water and make it fit for drinking.

Now you must be thinking how to check theTDS meter available in the market which will measure the hardness of water or you can purchase online, these meters are not very costly it might range from Rs. 300 – Rs. 1000 online check HM TDS-3 meter mostly used by people because of its accuracy. HM TDS-3 meter is the Best water purifier testing meter, it also shows temperature.I would strongly recommend purchasing TDS meter because it will not only help to make an easy decision for purifier it will also help you every month to check your purifier performance. Below is a table showing TDS level hardness.

hardness of water. There are

TDS Level	Water Hardness
0-80	Very Soft (Ideal for drinking)
80-150	Soft (might be used for drinking)
150-400	Hard (use RO Purifier)
Above 400	Very Hard (use RO + UV Purifier)

If you are living in metro cities then even air is not good to breathe. Toxic levels of air are raised much higher and it is advisable to install an air purifier in the home so you breathe fresh air and add more days to your life.

 3. Different Kinds Of Purifying Technologies Present In The Market? 

There are mainly 3 different types of purification technology present in the market.

1. RO (Reverse Osmosis) this is widely used technology to purify water containing a high level of salts in water and make it unfit for drinking. In this method water is passed through a semi-permeable membrane under high pressure to remove dissolved impurities. RO purification is mainly used for Salty, Khara or Hard water. This technique requires electricity to purify water and produce lots of wastewater.
2. UV (Ultra-violet) is water purification method to removes germs, bacteria and viruses from water. This technique uses a Rod producing ultra-violet radiations which are made to pass through water so these radiations can kill germs and viruses present in water. This method also requires electricity but do not generate waste water.
3. UF (Ultrafiltration) method uses threads of fibers to remove hardness from the water up to a certain limit. In this method water is passed through microfibers threads which remove salts from water. This method is adopted by plants and trees using its roots as fibers to filter groundwater.

 4. Which Purification Technology is best for your home? 

Based on these purifying technologies different kind of water purifiers is available in the market related to impurities and water supply.

1. RO water purifiers are mostly used by people and companies to ensure water does not contain high salts harmful for the body they use a different kind of membranes to purify water.
2. UV water Purifiers are generally used to make water free from germs, bacteria and viruses preventing water-borne diseases like cholera and dysentery.
3. Gravity-based water purifiers are mostly used in the areas facing electricity problem. These purifiers are totally based on Pressure difference, water from higher chamber moves to lower chamber fitted with germ kit and filters in-between these chambers to purify water. Gravity water purifiers can only be used for soft water containing a low level of dissolved salts since they do not use electricity purification level is not very good. These purifiers are available at a lower price range Rs. 1000-4000 in the market.
4. A combination of purifying technologies in this method different purifying technology is used to filter water. Universal Purifiers which can be used with any type of water without worrying about the supply of water they use RO + UV + UF purification technology to give best clean and pure water. These purifiers are fully automatic, check the water level and then apply purification technique to clean water. RO + UV purifiers they can be used for sources containing hard water as they remove extra salts and kills germs from water making it safe for drinking purpose.

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RO, UV, UF, MTDS and TDS meaning

RO	Reverse Osmosis
UV	Ultraviolet
UF	Ultra Filtration
TDS	Total Dissolved Solids

RO

RO full form is Reverse Osmosis. In RO water purifier, it passes water through the pump to increase water pressure then pass that pressured water through RO membrane(semi permeable). During this process dissolved solids and TDS present in water are eliminated. RO water purifier converts hard water to soft water. The disadvantage of RO water purifier is it produce a lot of waste water.

UV

UV water purifier uses UV radiations to kill contaminants, microorganisms. Treating water passes through the UV radiation source tube and exposes water to UV radiation. UV water purifier is advisable to use with soft water which has contaminants.

UF

UF full form is Ultra filtration. UF water purifier contain hollow fiber threaded membrane. UF removes dispersed material, suspended solids, and other large molecular weight materials from water which are harmful to human health. UF water purifiers are workswithout electricity.

TDS

TDS full form is Total dissolved solids. Minerals, salts or dissolved metals such as calcium, chloride, nitrate, iron , sulfur and some organic matter that dissolved in water commonly referred as TDS. TDS expressed in terms in milligrams (mg) per liter of water, also referred in parts per million (ppm). Preence of TDS in water will affect the water taste. If you are not sure of the water hardness you can test it with the small devise called TDS meter. TDS value of 500 mg/l water is considered as very hard. Most commonly used purification systems to reduce TDS are carbon filter and reverse osmosis(RO).

MTDS Regulator

Ensures purifier works with multiple sources of water and TDS up to 2000 mg/lts.

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BEST RO

In my opinion, a TDS range from 50 to 150 is best for drinking. In this TDS, most of recent RO systems remove the several harmful solutes.

When do we need RO Purifier?

If water has TDS level above 500 mg per litter (500 ppm), then you should use RO purifier.

Setting TDS limit in RO Purifier

You should set 50 to 150 ppm TDS limit in RO Purifier for drinking healthiest water.

Between 50 – 150	Excellent (For everyone)
150 – 250	Good (for athletes)
250 – 300	Fair (Might be bad for kidneys)
300 – 500	Poor (Might be very bad for kidneys)
Above 1,200	Unacceptable

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what about tds level meaning

TDS Level (Milligram/Litter)	Palatability of Water
Less than 300	Excellent
300-500	Good
600-900	Fair
900-1200	Poor
Above 1200	Unacceptable

Note: The Palatability of Water only describes the acceptability of the taste of water. It does not mean this should be healthy or unhealthy.

TDS Level in Drinking Water – Acceptable & Unacceptable

TDS Level (Milligram/Litter)	Remarks
Less than 50	Unacceptable because of lack of important minerals
50 – 150	Acceptable for Drinking (Excellent – where water is polluted with industrial wastes and sewage)
150 – 250	Good – Acceptable for Drinking (Healthiest in regard to cardiovascular health.)
250 – 350	Good – Acceptable drinking (Healthy in regard to cardiovascular health.)
350 – 500	Fair
500 – 900	Less Acceptable for Drinking
900 – 1200	Least acceptable for drinking; try to avoid drinking water with TDS level above 900 wherever possible
1200 – 2000	Very Least acceptable for drinking where other water sources are not available.
Above 2000	Unacceptable for drinking

1. The Upper Limit of TDS level in drinking water set by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is 500 ppm (500 milligrams per liter).
2. If water TDS level is less than 100, it may result in hair fall and heart diseases.
3. Water with TDS level less than 100 has the high dissolvent capacity, which even dissolves a small quantity of plastic, in which it is kept. The dissolved plastic in water can cause cancer and can also reduce immunity. Plastic in water can also become a carrier for other toxins, heavy metals, arsenic, fluoride, or aluminum.

Verdict

However, there are different recommendations prescribed by different governments and organizations. In my personal opinion, nowadays water is polluted with chemicals, industrial waste, sewage, etc., which is actually very harmful to our health. It applies especially to India where industries are poorly regulated for disposal of these waste matters.

The above-suggested table should be fine where there is no water pollution. Otherwise, the following table is most recommendable in my personal opinion.

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